Protecting your systemsChapter 9

Post-quantum: should you worry?

Quantum computers, Shor’s algorithm, “harvest now, decrypt later”, the NIST standards and the European timeline: what to do right now.

Belinda
Presented byBelinda
9 min readUpdated on 2 October 2026

What you will learn

  • Understand, without any maths, why a quantum computer threatens RSA and elliptic curves
  • Assess the “harvest now, decrypt later” risk for your own data
  • Know the new NIST standards (ML-KEM, ML-DSA, SLH-DSA) and the role of HQC
  • Place the deadlines set by ANSSI, the European Union and NIST
  • See how far real-world deployment has gone, from browsers to servers
  • Start a cryptographic inventory and a crypto-agility programme

Free chapter with your account

Chapter 1 is free to read. Chapters 2 to 21, like the Junior, Senior and Expert levels of the Cyber Quiz, are free too: all you need is a free KrakenShield account with a confirmed email address.

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From theory to practice

So how does your system measure up?

Create your account and get an A+ to F grade for your domains’ encryption in minutes, with every finding explained and the fix to apply.

Run the audit from your account: an A+ to F grade for your domains’ encryption in minutes, with every finding explained and the fix to apply.

Belinda

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